Concepts
White Paper

White Paper

Onli was designed to solve a different problem than DLTs, as outlined in a 2010 paper by Dhryl Anton, Michael McFall, and Peter Jensen-Haxel. Onli is a non-fungible data structure called a Genome tightly coupled to an unforgeable credential called a Gene and used in a patented method to solve the uniqueness quantification problem of computers. In mathematics and logic, the term “uniqueness” refers to the property of being the one and only object satisfying a certain condition -(Wikipedia). In computing, the problem is defined as how to make something on a computer, which transfers binary data by making a copy, have a unique existence across a network of connected devices. Once you have solved this problem, you can build a technology that get all the benefits of DLTs with none of the problems. Onli has been reliably used since 2010.

Technically speaking, Onli is a non-fungible (unique) data structure (Genome), tightly coupled to an unforgeable credential (Gene) and used in a self-contained trusted execution environment, where data is computed by proprietary Algorithms and stored using varying cryptographic methods. This patented method solves the uniqueness quantification problem of computers. Scientifically speaking, uniqueness quantification means a set of data whose uniqueness is quantified. Put simply, this means there is only one of a thing across a network of connected devices.

The ONLI Genome is non-fungible because computing operations evolve the genome. This is done by Genome Editing, which uses Proprietary Algorithms to calculate the data in the Base-Pairs in a Helix. The result is that there is only one Genome across the entire network. A change in ownership takes Base-Pairs from the Gene of the last owner and the new owner and combine them to create a new Genome. Data is computed in a trusted execution environment. An independent, immutable, unforgeable record of these changes are kept in a registry called a Replicated Validation Oracle RVO. The RVO is meant to be used only to validate the local state of the ONLI Genome.

A credential is a means of authentication. In computer science terms, it is an object that is verified when presented to the verifier in an authentication transaction.. The onliYOU credential is unforgeable because the state of the Gene evolves whenever transactions are performed. Authentication and Authorization are transactions. The credential comprises Helixes, that keeps records about recent transactions. Transactions are recorded using a proprietary formula, which guarantees uniqueness and includes an immutable cryptographic signature, which results in an un-hackable and unforgeable form of identification. This unforgeable credential (Gene) is the owner of the Onli (Genome).

Paradigm shift

The concept of Onli technology represents a paradigm shift. It requires a change in thinking about the challenges of blockchain technologies. In Onli, the term "blockchain" retains its original meaning as a method of storing data in a database so that it is difficult or impossible to alter, hack, or cheat. It is not considered a "data storage system." Additionally, in Onli, there is no "The blockchain," a colloquialism for a "blockchain database" or DLT service stored on multiple servers with consensus. Decentralization, as a concept, also undergoes a paradigm shift in Onli. The "central service" in Onli only performs the computational functions required to evolve the Genome. The Genomes themselves are decentralized, thus eliminating the need for complex trustless schemes.

Trustlessness is a core element of blockchain, crypto payments, and smart contracts. "Trust-less" means that you don't have to rely on a third party – a bank, a person, or any intermediary – that could operate between you and your cryptocurrency transactions or holdings. Onli achieves this without the need for "miners" or independent transaction processors. In Onli, the credential blockchain and ONLI blockchain unit are stored locally by the user. You can trust it because it is in your possession, and yours alone. Onli differs from "Blockchain and DLT" literally from the ground up. Consequently, The Onli Architecture is structured differently:

Onli

An Onli is a unitary container of data, meaning that it is a single unique entity. It is quantified and whole meaning it is neither divisible or fungible. It consists of a single quantified set of Base-Pairs stored in a non-fungible data-structure called a Genome.

Application Layer

A client/server application developed to interact with Owners on the OnliOne network, which are referred to as Appliances.

Credential Layer

A proprietary framework for the unforgeable credential called Onli ID. This layer performs authentication and authorization. It does this by creating an instance of the Data Layer for a single user, called a (GENE), tightly coupling it with a User Object and assigning this to be used as a credential. Thus, only an authenticated connection can store, move, and evolve data on the Data Layer.

Storage Layer

This layer is a stack of storage management technologies collectively called “Vault Manager” and a local database deployed on a client collectively called a “Vault”, which acts as a storage node of the network layer. The storage node includes the services and processes required to store, move, verify, and retrieve the Data Layer.

Compute Layer

This layer manages credentialed requests from Appliances to Owners via the “Onli_Cloud”, for example Change Owner or Move an onliGenome between Vaults. Appliances interact with the Services Layer by making a Remote Procedure Call to the Transfer Agent Layer. These calls are made via GRPC (a high-performance, open-source universal Remote Procedure Call framework developed by Google). There are two calls: Move, which transports an onliGenome from one storage node to another via an authenticated connection of the Transport Layer. AND, Change Owner, which effects a change in the ownership block from one Onli_You credential to another Onli_You credential by evolving the Data Layer, and effects the subsequent transport of an Genome from one storage node to another.

Transport Layer

The transport layer uses TCP, mTLS, and custom extensions called Logistics. The Transport Layer is responsible for variable-length data transmission from a source to destination and, upon confirmation of successful receipt of the transmission, deletes the source. Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that sits on top of the Transport Layer of the TCP/ IP stack and provides “encryption in transit”. TLS allows the participating applications (including the Application Layer) to encrypt data using a cipher and symmetric key negotiated as part of the initial TLS Handshake. Mutual Transport Layer Security (mTLS) is a process that establishes an encrypted TLS connection in which both parties use X.509 digital certificates to authenticate each other. The Logistics Uniqueness software, a protocol extension, manages the transport of data used in the proprietary Onli uniqueness quantification method.

Transfer Agent Layer

A proprietary execution environment for creating a new blocks and evolving the state of each Onli and optionally reporting evidence of state change to the Replicated Validation Oracle (RVO), an external record. This is accomplished via Genome Editing - Base-Pairs are computed using proprietary Genetic Algorithms to evolve specific helixes. Genome editing employs the use of Genetic and Cryptographic algorithms. This occurs in an enclave, a secure execution environment, ensuring that there can only be one.

Data Layer

The structured and stored dataset of each Onli, including a combination of data blocks, each representing a transfer transaction, computed values representing different domains, and a chain structure. Collectively each chain is referred to as a Genome. A Genome is a custom unitary data container that stores a micro array of data as the entirety of a single whole. It is quantified and whole meaning it is neither divisible or fungible. A genome is composed of ten Helixes - A single set of structured data stored in an immutable sequence, which store relevant data in ordered pairs for a specific domain. Each Helix has ten Base-Pairs -An ordered pair of two related data elements: A Base, which is a constant that defines the data set and a Pair, which is a variable that belongs to the set. A transaction commit manager is used to manage the evolution of each Genome.

Network Layer

Onli doesn’t use the surface web or Clearnet. Onli-based assets includes a transmission mechanism, authentication mechanism, and private processing network. The network is composed of nodes. A node is a connected electronic computational device. The role of a node differs compared to a conventional DLT in that the role, in Onli_One is to support the network by maintaining transactions of a single instance of the Credential Layer. Instead of a monolithic blockchain, copied across nodes and kept current with a consensus mechanism. The node is the Onli_You application and thus the Owner is in possession of all data transfer transactions. Effectively this is a peer-to-peer network.

Oracle (RVO) Layer

A public portion (publicly accessible by any current owner) of the Network Layer, The RVO receives independent evidence of each Move and/ or changeOwner transaction and keeps a record of the current hash value representing a state change of each onliGenome in owners (Onli_YOU) possession. The RVO is private by default. Only a current owner may access the RVO, permit another owner (Onli_ID) to access, and such access is limited to validation of only the hash values belonging to said, owner. There is no public disclosure of information.

HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS

Onli, at its root, is a non-fungible data-structure (Genome) coupled with an unforgeable credential (Gene) that maintains a single global state across a network of connected devices.

Onli_You, a self-contained trusted execution environment, is distributed for free to Owners Onli_You generates the Gene, which is tightly coupled to the biometrics of the device, producing an unforgeable credential. The Onli_You vault is where you store the Genomes.

Issuers create Assets and developers use to “build” Appliances to do something with the Asset. An Asset is a defined and programmed Genome. An Appliance is a customer built client application.

Changing ownership of assets is accomplished by a Transfer Agent via a cloud computing “compute” request. This is accessed by making an AskToMove and changeOwner request to Onli_Cloud. Only Owners can move assets. To transfer an asset between owners. Owners “move” Assets to a settlement vault, along with instructions as to who the recipient is. Transfer Agent can only access Assets that are in a settlement vault. Proprietary Algorithms calculate new Base-Pairs within a secure enclave on a HSM -high security module. This provides CPU hardware-level isolation and memory encryption by isolating application code and data on the hardware and encrypting its memory. Genomes are an encapsulated Data Layer over the Network layer via the Logistics Service. The Transfer Agent employs the Gene of sender and recipient to produce a new Genome, the new Genome is then placed in a locker of the recipient and then delivered to the Onli_You of new owner. A record is made in the Oracle and notification sent to the Sender of a delivery.

History

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